Description
Information gathering, also known as reconnaissance, is a crucial phase in hacking, where attackers collect data about a target system, network, or individual. This process involves passive and active methods. Passive techniques, like social engineering, searching public records, and analyzing online footprints, avoid direct interaction with the target. Active methods, such as port scanning, DNS lookups, and ping sweeps, involve probing the system for vulnerabilities. Tools like Nmap, Shodan, and Maltego are commonly used for this purpose. Ethical hackers use information gathering to strengthen security, while malicious actors exploit it to plan attacks. Defenses include monitoring network activity and limiting exposure.
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